This complex, called anciently Palazzo Felicini (then Fibbia and currently Calzolari) is one of the most remarkable and beautiful palaces of the city and its anicent renaissance architecture is entirely conserved.

It was erected in the 1497 by Bartolomeo Felicini and was completed by his son, Giovanni. The Felicini are to have accommodated Leonardo da Vinci here. The building was sold in 1537 to the Cardinal Pucci, and Pucci passed it in 1561 to the the Fibbias, than resided here until 1746. The inscription on the facade indicates that Urbano VIII was friend of the Fibbias.
A lot of artists worked here: the paintings in the noble of the house, that represent the dawn and the twilight is done by Domenico Santi said Mengozzino (Bologna 1621-1694) and by Domenico Maria Canuti (Bologna 1620-1684).

Angelo Michele Colonna (Roveno-Como 1600-1687) designed his painting in the family chapel and Giacomo Alboresi (Bologna 1632-1677) worked in its hall.

In the Hall of Honor there are painting of the Fibbias members, Fabbri and Pallavicini; other works inside this palace are done by Alessandro Algardi, Alfonso Lombardi and Francesco Francia.

The Borselli describes Palazzo Felicini like "house that suite a prince or monarchy".
The Felicini family exercised the banking activity and was the most important family in the city between the 1400 and the 1500. They was represented in Senate from 1506 to 1584.

In the course of the centuries it has accommodated famous people: Pope Leone X, Francisco I, king of France, Giuliano De Medici, Filiberta di Savoia, Carlo Arberto, duke of Bavaria, Maria Amelia archduchess of Austria, Leonardo da Vinci and many others.
When Leonardo stayed in Bologna with the Felicinis, between the other paintings, it is said that he would have begun paint the Gioconda (aka Mona Lisa), one of the more famous and enigmatic pictures of all time, and in that case it would be of Filiberta di Savoia, sister of Savoia's duke, not the commonly thougth Mona Lisa del Giocondo.